NAME

fi_efa - The Amazon Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) Provider

OVERVIEW

The EFA provider supports the Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) device on Amazon EC2. EFA provides reliable and unreliable datagram send/receive with direct hardware access from userspace (OS bypass). For reliable datagram (RDM) EP type, it supports two fabric names: efa and efa-direct. The efa fabric implements a set of wire protocols to support more capabilities and features beyond the EFA device capabilities. The efa-direct fabric, on the contrary, offloads all libfabric data plane calls to the device directly without wire protocols. Compared to the efa fabric, the efa-direct fabric supports fewer capabilities and has more mode requirements for applications. But it provides a fast path to hand off application requests to the device. More details and difference between the two fabrics will be presented below.

SUPPORTED FEATURES

The following features are supported:

Endpoint types

The provider supports endpoint type FI_EP_DGRAM, and FI_EP_RDM on a new Scalable (unordered) Reliable Datagram protocol (SRD). SRD provides support for reliable datagrams and more complete error handling than typically seen with other Reliable Datagram (RD) implementations.

RDM Endpoint capabilities

For the efa fabric, the following data transfer interfaces are supported: FI_MSG, FI_TAGGED, FI_SEND, FI_RECV, FI_RMA, FI_WRITE, FI_READ, FI_ATOMIC, FI_DIRECTED_RECV, FI_MULTI_RECV, and FI_SOURCE. It provides SAS guarantees for data operations, and does not have a maximum message size (for all operations). For the efa-direct fabric, it supports FI_MSG, FI_SEND, FI_RECV, FI_RMA, FI_WRITE, FI_READ, and FI_SOURCE. As mentioned earlier, it doesn’t provide SAS guarantees, and has different maximum message sizes for different operations. For MSG operations, the maximum message size is the MTU size of the efa device (approximately 8KiB). For RMA operations, the maximum message size is the maximum RDMA size of the EFA device. The exact values of these sizes can be queried by the fi_getopt API with option names FI_OPT_MAX_MSG_SIZE and FI_OPT_MAX_RMA_SIZE

DGRAM Endpoint capabilities

The DGRAM endpoint only supports FI_MSG capability with a maximum message size of the MTU of the underlying hardware (approximately 8 KiB).

Address vectors

The provider supports FI_AV_TABLE. FI_AV_MAP was deprecated in Libfabric 2.x. Applications can still use FI_AV_MAP to create an address vector. But the EFA provider implementation will print a warning and switch to FI_AV_TABLE. FI_EVENT is unsupported.

Completion events

The provider supports FI_CQ_FORMAT_CONTEXT, FI_CQ_FORMAT_MSG, and FI_CQ_FORMAT_DATA. FI_CQ_FORMAT_TAGGED is supported on the efa fabric of RDM endpoint. Wait objects are not currently supported.

Modes

The provider requires the use of FI_MSG_PREFIX when running over the DGRAM endpoint. And it requires the use of FI_CONTEXT2 mode for DGRAM endpoint and the efa-direct fabric of RDM endpoint. The efa fabric of RDM endpoint doesn’t have these requirements.

Memory registration modes

The efa fabric of RDM endpoint does not require memory registration for send and receive operations, i.e. it does not require FI_MR_LOCAL. Applications may specify FI_MR_LOCAL in the MR mode flags in order to use descriptors provided by the application. The efa-direct fabric of FI_EP_RDM endpint and the FI_EP_DGRAM endpoint only supports FI_MR_LOCAL.

Progress

RDM and DGRAM endpoints support FI_PROGRESS_MANUAL. EFA erroneously claims the support for FI_PROGRESS_AUTO, despite not properly supporting automatic progress. Unfortunately, some Libfabric consumers also ask for FI_PROGRESS_AUTO when they only require FI_PROGRESS_MANUAL, and fixing this bug would break those applications. This will be fixed in a future version of the EFA provider by adding proper support for FI_PROGRESS_AUTO.

Threading

Both RDM and DGRAM endpoints supports FI_THREAD_SAFE.

LIMITATIONS

Completion events

• Synchronous CQ read is not supported.
• Wait objects are not currently supported.

RMA operations

• Completion events for RMA targets (FI_RMA_EVENT) is not supported.
• For the efa-direct fabric, the target side of RMA operation must insert the initiator side’s address into AV before the RMA operation is kicked off, due to a current device limitation. The same limitation applies to the efa fabric when the FI_OPT_EFA_HOMOGENEOUS_PEERS option is set as true.

Zero-copy receive mode

• Zero-copy receive mode can be enabled only if SHM transfer is disabled.
• Unless the application explicitly disables P2P, e.g. via FI_HMEM_P2P_DISABLED, zero-copy receive can be enabled only if available FI_HMEM devices all have P2P support.

fi_cancel support

• fi_cancel is only supported in the non-zero-copy-receive mode of the efa fabric. It’s not supported in efa-direct, DGRAM endpoint, and the zero-copy receive mode of the efa fabric in RDM endpoint.

When using FI_HMEM for AWS Neuron or Habana SynapseAI buffers, the provider requires peer to peer transaction support between the EFA and the FI_HMEM device. Therefore, the FI_HMEM_P2P_DISABLED option is not supported by the EFA provider for AWS Neuron or Habana SynapseAI.

PROVIDER SPECIFIC ENDPOINT LEVEL OPTION

FI_OPT_EFA_RNR_RETRY

Defines the number of RNR retry. The application can use it to reset RNR retry counter via the call to fi_setopt. Note that this option must be set before the endpoint is enabled. Otherwise, the call will fail. Also note that this option only applies to RDM endpoint.

FI_OPT_EFA_EMULATED_READ, FI_OPT_EFA_EMULATED_WRITE, FI_OPT_EFA_EMULATED_ATOMICS - bool

These options only apply to the fi_getopt() call. They are used to query the EFA provider to determine if the endpoint is emulating Read, Write, and Atomic operations (return value is true), or if these operations are assisted by hardware support (return value is false).

FI_OPT_EFA_USE_DEVICE_RDMA - bool

This option only applies to the fi_setopt() call. Only available if the application selects a libfabric API version >= 1.18. This option allows an application to change libfabric’s behavior with respect to RDMA transfers. Note that there is also an environment variable FI_EFA_USE_DEVICE_RDMA which the user may set as well. If the environment variable and the argument provided with this variable are in conflict, then fi_setopt will return -FI_EINVAL, and the environment variable will be respected. If the hardware does not support RDMA and the argument is true, then fi_setopt will return -FI_EOPNOTSUPP. If the application uses API version < 1.18, the argument is ignored and fi_setopt returns -FI_ENOPROTOOPT. The default behavior for RDMA transfers depends on API version. For API >= 1.18 RDMA is enabled by default on any hardware which supports it. For API<1.18, RDMA is enabled by default only on certain newer hardware revisions.

FI_OPT_EFA_SENDRECV_IN_ORDER_ALIGNED_128_BYTES - bool

This option only applies to the fi_setopt() call. It is used to force the endpoint to use in-order send/recv operation for each 128 bytes aligned block. Enabling the option will guarantee data inside each 128 bytes aligned block being sent and received in order, it will also guarantee data to be delivered to the receive buffer only once. If endpoint is not able to support this feature, it will return -FI_EOPNOTSUPP for the call to fi_setopt().

FI_OPT_EFA_WRITE_IN_ORDER_ALIGNED_128_BYTES - bool

This option only applies to the fi_setopt() call. It is used to set the endpoint to use in-order RDMA write operation for each 128 bytes aligned block. Enabling the option will guarantee data inside each 128 bytes aligned block being written in order, it will also guarantee data to be delivered to the target buffer only once. If endpoint is not able to support this feature, it will return -FI_EOPNOTSUPP for the call to fi_setopt().

FI_OPT_EFA_HOMOGENEOUS_PEERS - bool

This option only applies to the fi_setopt() call for RDM endpoints on efa fabric. RDM endpoints on efa-direct fabric are unaffected by this option. When set to true, it indicates all peers are homogeneous, meaning they run on the same platform, use the same software versions, and share identical capabilities. It accelerates the initial communication setup as interoperability between peers is guaranteed. When set to true, the target side of a RMA operation must insert the initiator side’s address into AV before the RMA operation is kicked off, due to a current device limitation. The default value is false.

PROVIDER SPECIFIC DOMAIN OPS

The efa provider exports extensions for operations that are not provided by the standard libfabric interface. These extensions are available via the “fi_ext_efa.h” header file.

Domain Operation Extension

Domain operation extension is obtained by calling fi_open_ops (see fi_domain(3))

int fi_open_ops(struct fid *domain, const char *name, uint64_t flags,
    void **ops, void *context);

and requesting FI_EFA_DOMAIN_OPS in name. fi_open_ops returns ops as the pointer to the function table fi_efa_ops_domain defined as follows:

struct fi_efa_ops_domain {
	int (*query_mr)(struct fid_mr *mr, struct fi_efa_mr_attr *mr_attr);
	int (*query_addr)(struct fid_ep *ep_fid, fi_addr_t addr, uint16_t *ahn,
			  uint16_t *remote_qpn, uint32_t *remote_qkey);
	int (*query_qp_wqs)(struct fid_ep *ep_fid, struct fi_efa_wq_attr *sq_attr, struct fi_efa_wq_attr *rq_attr);
	int (*query_cq)(struct fid_cq *cq_fid, struct fi_efa_cq_attr *cq_attr);
	int (*cq_open_ext)(struct fid_domain *domain_fid,
			   struct fi_cq_attr *attr,
			   struct fi_efa_cq_init_attr *efa_cq_init_attr,
			   struct fid_cq **cq_fid, void *context);
};

It contains the following operations

query_mr

This op queries an existing memory registration as input, and outputs the efa specific mr attribute which is defined as follows

struct fi_efa_mr_attr {
    uint16_t ic_id_validity;
    uint16_t recv_ic_id;
    uint16_t rdma_read_ic_id;
    uint16_t rdma_recv_ic_id;
};

ic_id_validity

Validity mask of interconnect id fields. Currently the following bits are supported in the mask:

FI_EFA_MR_ATTR_RECV_IC_ID: recv_ic_id has a valid value.

FI_EFA_MR_ATTR_RDMA_READ_IC_ID: rdma_read_ic_id has a valid value.

FI_EFA_MR_ATTR_RDMA_RECV_IC_ID: rdma_recv_ic_id has a valid value.

recv_ic_id

Physical interconnect used by the device to reach the MR for receive operation. It is only valid when ic_id_validity has the FI_EFA_MR_ATTR_RECV_IC_ID bit.

rdma_read_ic_id

Physical interconnect used by the device to reach the MR for RDMA read operation. It is only valid when ic_id_validity has the FI_EFA_MR_ATTR_RDMA_READ_IC_ID bit.

rdma_recv_ic_id

Physical interconnect used by the device to reach the MR for RDMA write receive. It is only valid when ic_id_validity has the FI_EFA_MR_ATTR_RDMA_RECV_IC_ID bit.

Return value

query_mr() returns 0 on success, or the value of errno on failure (which indicates the failure reason).

query_addr

This op queries the following address information for a given endpoint and destination address.

ahn

Address handle number.

remote_qpn

Remote queue pair Number.

remote_qkey

qkey for the remote queue pair.

Return value

query_addr() returns FI_SUCCESS on success, or -FI_EINVAL on failure.

query_qp_wqs

This op queries EFA specific Queue Pair work queue attributes for a given endpoint. It retrieves the send queue attributes in sq_attr and receive queue attributes in rq_attr, which is defined as follows.

struct fi_efa_wq_attr {
    uint8_t *buffer;
    uint32_t entry_size;
    uint32_t num_entries;
    uint32_t *doorbell;
    uint32_t max_batch;
};

buffer

Queue buffer.

entry_size

Size of each entry in the queue.

num_entries

Maximal number of entries in the queue.

doorbell

Queue doorbell.

max_batch

Maximum batch size for queue submissions.

Return value

query_qp_wqs() returns 0 on success, or the value of errno on failure (which indicates the failure reason).

query_cq

This op queries EFA specific Completion Queue attributes for a given cq.

struct fi_efa_cq_attr {
    uint8_t *buffer;
    uint32_t entry_size;
    uint32_t num_entries;
};

buffer

Completion queue buffer.

entry_size

Size of each completion queue entry.

num_entries

Maximal number of entries in the completion queue.

Return value

query_cq() returns 0 on success, or the value of errno on failure (which indicates the failure reason).

cq_open_ext

This op creates a completion queue with external memory provided via dmabuf. The memory can be passed by supplying the following struct.

struct fi_efa_cq_init_attr {
	uint64_t flags;
	struct {
		uint8_t *buffer;
		uint64_t length;
		uint64_t offset;
		uint32_t fd;
	} ext_mem_dmabuf;
};

flags

A bitwise OR of the various values described below.

FI_EFA_CQ_INIT_FLAGS_EXT_MEM_DMABUF: create CQ with external memory provided via dmabuf.

ext_mem_dmabuf

Structure containing information about external memory when using FI_EFA_CQ_INIT_FLAGS_EXT_MEM_DMABUF flag.

buffer

Pointer to the memory mapped in the process’s virtual address space. The field is optional, but if not provided, the use of CQ poll interfaces should be avoided.

length

Length of the memory region to use.

offset

Offset within the dmabuf.

fd

File descriptor of the dmabuf.

Return value

cq_open_ext() returns 0 on success, or the value of errno on failure (which indicates the failure reason).

Traffic Class (tclass) in EFA

To prioritize the messages from a given endpoint, user can specify fi_info->tx_attr->tclass = FI_TC_LOW_LATENCY in the fi_endpoint() call to set the service level in rdma-core. All other tclass values will be ignored.

RUNTIME PARAMETERS

FI_EFA_IFACE

A comma-delimited list of EFA device, i.e. NIC, names that should be visible to the application. This paramater can be used to include/exclude NICs to enforce process affinity based on the hardware topology. The default value is “all” which allows all available NICs to be discovered.

FI_EFA_TX_SIZE

Maximum number of transmit operations before the provider returns -FI_EAGAIN. For only the RDM endpoint, this parameter will cause transmit operations to be queued when this value is set higher than the default and the transmit queue is full.

FI_EFA_RX_SIZE

Maximum number of receive operations before the provider returns -FI_EAGAIN.

RUNTIME PARAMETERS SPECIFIC TO RDM ENDPOINT

These OFI runtime parameters apply only to the RDM endpoint.

FI_EFA_RX_WINDOW_SIZE

Maximum number of MTU-sized messages that can be in flight from any single endpoint as part of long message data transfer.

FI_EFA_TX_QUEUE_SIZE

Depth of transmit queue opened with the NIC. This may not be set to a value greater than what the NIC supports.

FI_EFA_RECVWIN_SIZE

Size of out of order reorder buffer (in messages). Messages received out of this window will result in an error.

FI_EFA_CQ_SIZE

Size of any cq created, in number of entries.

FI_EFA_MR_CACHE_ENABLE

Enables using the mr cache and in-line registration instead of a bounce buffer for iov’s larger than max_memcpy_size. Defaults to true. When disabled, only uses a bounce buffer

FI_EFA_MR_MAX_CACHED_COUNT

Sets the maximum number of memory registrations that can be cached at any time.

FI_EFA_MR_MAX_CACHED_SIZE

Sets the maximum amount of memory that cached memory registrations can hold onto at any time.

FI_EFA_MAX_MEMCPY_SIZE

Threshold size switch between using memory copy into a pre-registered bounce buffer and memory registration on the user buffer.

FI_EFA_MTU_SIZE

Overrides the default MTU size of the device.

FI_EFA_RX_COPY_UNEXP

Enables the use of a separate pool of bounce-buffers to copy unexpected messages out of the pre-posted receive buffers.

FI_EFA_RX_COPY_OOO

Enables the use of a separate pool of bounce-buffers to copy out-of-order RTS packets out of the pre-posted receive buffers.

FI_EFA_MAX_TIMEOUT

Maximum timeout (us) for backoff to a peer after a receiver not ready error.

FI_EFA_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL

Time interval (us) for the base timeout to use for exponential backoff to a peer after a receiver not ready error.

FI_EFA_ENABLE_SHM_TRANSFER

Enable SHM provider to provide the communication across all intra-node processes. SHM transfer will be disabled in the case where ptrace protection is turned on. You can turn it off to enable shm transfer.

FI_EFA_ENABLE_SHM_TRANSFER is parsed during the fi_domain call and is related to the FI_OPT_SHARED_MEMORY_PERMITTED endpoint option. If FI_EFA_ENABLE_SHM_TRANSFER is set to true, the FI_OPT_SHARED_MEMORY_PERMITTED endpoint option overrides FI_EFA_ENABLE_SHM_TRANSFER. If FI_EFA_ENABLE_SHM_TRANSFER is set to false, but the FI_OPT_SHARED_MEMORY_PERMITTED is set to true, the FI_OPT_SHARED_MEMORY_PERMITTED setopt call will fail with -FI_EINVAL.

FI_EFA_SHM_AV_SIZE

Defines the maximum number of entries in SHM provider’s address vector.

FI_EFA_SHM_MAX_MEDIUM_SIZE

Defines the switch point between small/medium message and large message. The message larger than this switch point will be transferred with large message protocol. NOTE: This parameter is now deprecated.

FI_EFA_INTER_MAX_MEDIUM_MESSAGE_SIZE

The maximum size for inter EFA messages to be sent by using medium message protocol. Messages which can fit in one packet will be sent as eager message. Messages whose sizes are smaller than this value will be sent using medium message protocol. Other messages will be sent using CTS based long message protocol.

FI_EFA_FORK_SAFE

Enable fork() support. This may have a small performance impact and should only be set when required. Applications that require to register regions backed by huge pages and also require fork support are not supported.

FI_EFA_RUNT_SIZE

The maximum number of bytes that will be eagerly sent by inflight messages uses runting read message protocol (Default 307200).

FI_EFA_INTER_MIN_READ_MESSAGE_SIZE

The minimum message size in bytes for inter EFA read message protocol. If instance support RDMA read, messages whose size is larger than this value will be sent by read message protocol. (Default 1048576).

FI_EFA_INTER_MIN_READ_WRITE_SIZE

The mimimum message size for emulated inter EFA write to use read write protocol. If firmware support RDMA read, and FI_EFA_USE_DEVICE_RDMA is 1, write requests whose size is larger than this value will use the read write protocol (Default 65536). If the firmware supports RDMA write, device RDMA write will always be used.

FI_EFA_USE_DEVICE_RDMA

Specify whether to require or ignore RDMA features of the EFA device.

• When set to 1/true/yes/on, all RDMA features of the EFA device are used. But if EFA device does not support RDMA and FI_EFA_USE_DEVICE_RDMA is set to 1/true/yes/on, user’s application is aborted and a warning message is printed.
• When set to 0/false/no/off, libfabric will emulate all fi_rma operations instead of offloading them to the EFA network device. Libfabric will not use device RDMA to implement send/receive operations.
• If not set, RDMA operations will occur when available based on RDMA device ID/version.

FI_EFA_USE_HUGE_PAGE

Specify Whether EFA provider can use huge page memory for internal buffer. Using huge page memory has a small performance advantage, but can cause system to run out of huge page memory. By default, EFA provider will use huge page unless FI_EFA_FORK_SAFE is set to 1/on/true.

FI_EFA_USE_ZCPY_RX

Enables the use of application’s receive buffers in place of bounce-buffers when feasible. (Default: 1). Setting this environment variable to 0 can disable this feature. Explicitly setting this variable to 1 does not guarantee this feature due to other requirements. See https://github.com/ofiwg/libfabric/blob/main/prov/efa/docs/efa_rdm_protocol_v4.md for details.

FI_EFA_USE_UNSOLICITED_WRITE_RECV

Use device’s unsolicited write recv functionality when it’s available. (Default: 1). Setting this environment variable to 0 can disable this feature.

FI_EFA_INTERNAL_RX_REFILL_THRESHOLD

The threshold that EFA provider will refill the internal rx pkt pool. (Default: 8). When the number of internal rx pkts to post is lower than this threshold, the refill will be skipped.

SEE ALSO

fabric(7), fi_provider(7), fi_getinfo(3)